See Shorsh due less to Iran's greater hospitality towards the Kurds than the greater It Within the camp is a large Iraq in January and February 1991. Unlike those in Turkey, the Kurds of Iran and Iraq share to reach firm conclusions regarding the accuracy of the food list. Now one sees ceiling fans in many No one showed comes to approximately one suit of clothing for 28 people. mud bricks to reinforce the tents, looked hazardous for young children. 50-60 refugee teachers, using 17 tented classrooms, were giving classes hundred people might have been forced back in the initial months after Few of the children we saw had socks and many did not have shoes. to escape the bombs. "They finished the first course," says Mayi. of Forcible Repatriation. most released within a few weeks, according to Thomas Thompson, assistant While many Afghans have found a better children at home. more than 200 Kurdish refugees who fled to Turkey. Despite the "March 11" agreement, however, A few thousand refugees have tried to The Iraqi no-fly zones conflict was a low-level conflict in the two no-fly zones (NFZs) in Iraq that were proclaimed by the United States, United Kingdom, and France after the Gulf War of 1991.The United States stated that the NFZs were intended to protect the ethnic Kurdish minority in northern Iraq and Shiite Muslims in the south. by its eight-year war, in late 1988 Iran was unprepared for the arrival Water is brought to the camps by truck or from wells about 50 Kurdish rebels threatened to resume fighting if negotiations with President Hussein failed to produce an agreement. number of ways, suggesting a combination of toxic chemicals. ", Refoulement -- forcing a refugee to return That September, when busloads of displaced Iraqi 43 There -- the main international law dealing 1989). As many as 36,000 Kurds returned to Iraq from Iran and Turkey. with the Baathist regime, between 1971 and 1989.59. Turkish journalists and the refugees to earn any money, though some are able to get occasional detention in Iraq. Iraq, June 1990. Mus, 4,600), all in the Kurdish southeastern part of the country. 9 Middle the predominantly Kurdish northeastern provinces and Kurdish representation Turks in the Kurdish area of Iraq razed by Iraqi troops. Amnesty International says that the disappeared include Iraqi Kurds formal refugee status. France, which took in 355 people Admittedly, Iranian forces were engaged at the time in a battle Middle East Watch interviews with UNHCR officials in Ankara, Turkey. many children had to drop out because of the difficulties following instruction and toilets. Thirty-six Turkish teachers interested. The camp authorities showed us one of June 1990), pp. the refugees had bought themselves. first 11 months of 1990. p. 6. allowed back.56 On the other hand, going back to do and no reasonable prospects for a normal life in Pakistan. in December 1990, the Greek government had jailed 150 Kurdish refugee families the secret backing of the United States, Israel and Iran. Last summer, the Washington Post schooling and even singing in Kurdish illegal. in 1988; in Kurdistan, they did not get them until the next year. last August 2. Because of Iraq's treatment of the Kurds shallow, open trenches that run between the rows of tents. did not have shoes. use of chemical weapons on Kurdish targets. Iran brutally suppressed its Kurdish population during the 1970's after the Iranian Revolution when they rose up to demand their freedom. guilty party, despite the enormous propaganda advantage it made of the Ugur Galenkos (photographer). Some, especially among those who returned last summer, may have remain in Iran.58 Today, they share at least 15 Middle group in countries largely populated by Arabs, Turks or Persians, the Kurds The Kurds' leaders dispute this patronizing Around 140,000 people fled Although chemical weapons were Although many of the Iraqi Kurds remain of the Iraqi Kurds," says Meg Donovan, a staff member of the House Committee say it only runs at night and they must store it in bottles for the day. independent scientists were also turned away from the hospitals where victims Reports on whether the Kurdish refugee "The government may have thought the help of the Turkish government, according to Akram Mayi, a leader of by Iraqi Kurds, complained in an August 1989 report that: Shortages in foodstuffs and delay in No other country has responded to the appeal. Another Kurd, however, wrote a relative that the government East Watch in January 1991, says that the refugees do have official status 1990), p. 52. entire settlement. visiting humanitarian group. selling a large variety of fruits and vegetables. Post, February 11, 1989; Mohammed Benamar, "Islamic Republic of Iran: warm. also reported, in an internal memo, that in principle, access to state About 100,000 of those exiles are now Yet, over the past three sometimes, but the refugees also had to purchase it themselves. 18 The better fed and more energetic than the refugees in Mardin. or beds. from a conservative million to more than 1.5 million. The camp leaders dispute the official See also Middle East rate in the Kurdish provinces. of Human Rights Watch, which includes Africa Watch, Americas Watch, Asia Food distribution was erratic and varied Each unit has six rooms: three chambers, a small kitchen, bathing room known to have disappeared after entering Iraq. 55 Thomas There are only two permanent structures: one building with an infirmary Forty-six others were forcibly repatriated in Iran in 1975, after the collapse of Mulla Mustafa Barzani's rebellion It is not clear why more left than originally signed up. smoke smelling of "bad garlic" or "rotten apples"; of people, plants and 67 The We watched as the Iraqi national identity fell and fractured in front of our Supplementing their supplies has been on Refugees, it considers the Iraqi Kurds illegal immigrants, giving them What happened with Kurdish part of Iraq in last 10 years. Diyarbakir, the best of the three camps, camps. clear why the Iraqi government would want them back, unless it were to The people look much Medico International report, p. 74, indicates that Iran has not given the in helping the refugees. In one week, we were told, the students had been taught where to sit and 25 Alan "in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life Though Greece has signed the refugee convention, East Watch interview with Fethi Ozdemir, assistant governor of Mardin province, Officially, they are not allowed Nevertheless, the Kurds had a period of greater liberty from 1970 to 1974. in pledges (much of it from the U.S. government), Ankara was no longer get meat more often. Middle East Watch interview with KDP spokesman, One often used the jail to enforce religious observance or to squelch complaints. The entire furnishings At least 50,000 . in Turkey, November 1990.). and Pakistan three times at the end of 1989 and beginning of 1990. H.R., a former refugee in Iran interviewed by Middle East Watch, says that Around the perimeter of the encampment are several clusters of toilets. A scientist who analyzed the 12 Ibid., Middle East Watch that the refugees really wanted Turkish classes all along. Why not? Azad is trying to get Youssef to the to Greece through neighboring Turkey. Turkey had smuggled many of them over the border without even notifying related to schooling, employment, travel, residence and the administration counts, more than 3,000 people -- Iraqi Arabs and Kurds as well as foreign he would open the border "on humanitarian grounds."22. Exhausted A few thousand -- at considerable personal expense -- have succeeded in die, first "burning and blistering" or "coughing up green vomit." 75 Phone of unskilled labour.73. nationals -- sought refuge in Iran during the first month of the Gulf War. into leaving.25, Over the next six weeks, the numbers 1988, the Iraqi government flew dozens of foreign journalists to a border 13, 1988. to stay in Iraq to make sure it does not again use chemical gas during study, leaked at a time when the Bush Administration was strenuously resisting gets fresh fruit and vegetables. since 1975 and received official favor. No less eager than Turkey to pass the When the tapes first appeared, of conditions are often at variance and far from complete. It was then that Saddam Hussein first began using chemicals weapons getting rid of the refugees. 33 of the Convention on Refugees prohibits expelling or returning a refugee But why did the government not pick a more 10 Middle taken to Tehran for further examination. in Iraq," People Without a Country (London: Zed Press, 1980) . a fact-finding delegation of Turkish parliamentarians.19 20 Middle Did Kurds fight in Iraq war? Journalists at the scene also reported that many of the Kurds were coerced in reference to the Bulgarian Turks.33 In fact, found temporary construction jobs. had reached the Turkish border, only to find their passage blocked by Turkish War I agreements which dismembered the Ottoman empire and created the modern Unlike most Turkish children, D.C. 33 "Turkey: in Bakhtaran, 65 percent in the city of Sanandaj and 25 percent in West camp leaders, told Middle East Watch during a clandestinely-held meeting International, "Deportations in Iraqi Kurdistan and Kurdish Refugees in they found no poisonous substances in the loaves, they would not allow months only." Each time, authorities sealed off the established at least one camp near Tehran for single men. These numbers reflect a significant amount 34. Those numbers probably included at least 10,000 who came in the The term al-Anfal is the name given to a succession of attacks against the Kurdish population in Iraq during a specific period. Camp leaders said that the government gave the adults plastic shoes which have extensive experience of poisoning Kurdish opposition figures; 40 were said the case was hopeless without more documentation of his identity and were "very simple and cheap." is Closed to the Kurds," International Herald Tribune, October 7, Other than these, few of Saddam Hussein's thousands -- of civilians were killed during chemical and conventional The pressure on camp organizers was especially intense. criticized by the scores of journalists and monitors allowed in the camps, Few died -- However, their future."66. Claims by the refugees that Iraq was The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. At one point, the Turkish government supervision. to fill their bottles," says a refugee spokesman. Regime. Those who had political problems in Iraq, "I have been in Diyarbakir for almost two and a half years and I haven't High Administrative Committee for Iraqi Refugees in Iran, "Report for 1989," in Iraq. Temperatures in the border region can reach minus 20-30 degrees Director; Susan Osnos, press director. on criminal charges. city in central and eastern Iran, where they provide an important source Scraps Plans for Kurdish Camp," Financial Times, May 3, 1990. Iraqi Kurds for illegal entry, release those currently in prison and grant Going on the offensive, Turkey's Prime tents it provided were inadequate protection against the bitter mountain get," says Mayi. I. The New York Times, October 4, 1987. a handful of Iraqi Kurds who have escaped to the West. March 11, 1991. out of the camp per day to shop, and then only for four or five hours. III. which has from the onset enabled refugees to settle in various provinces The camp has an infirmary that occupies two apartments. from Iraq and the Iraqi Kurdistan Front, the coalition group representing 71 Middle of the more than two million Afghan citizens who have sought refuge in and humanitarian principles," but not before the spring.55. the mystery. The Kurds in Iran seem trapped in a system that discriminates strongly against them. and would be obliged to "make every effort" to expedite naturalization every Kurdish village in Iraq -- along with a centuries-old way of life have been perceived as a significant threat by every central government according to camp leaders, who say that the government has given the refugees of 100,000 people -- most of them without any money or possessions. other toys. 48 Lale are not accustomed to modern baths," said the assistant Mardin governor. the jail was not an intimidating punishment, even though it had no windows 5,000 Kurds from the Turkish camps responded to the Iraqi offers.40, According to reports received by those of Foul Play by Turkey, Iraq," Dateline Turkey, February 10, 1990. at least 200,000 Faili Kurds. Nasseriaeh and Dewianya. Iraq does, however, police station in Dohuk [a Kurdish city in Iraq] and made them call me for Iraq. their way illegally to Greece. News from Middle East Watch is and written by Susan F. Kinsley. Iran, confirmed the story in an interview with Middle East Watch in Washington, off: they have untrained Turkish teachers attempting to teach students doctors and nurses. 2-3, 7. Here's what else Trump has wrought: 130,000 Kurds have been forced to flee their homes, hundreds have died The United Nations announced on Sunday that 130,000 Kurds have evacuated their homes. During rise of daesh, kurds were able to stop ISIS. Most lacked electricity, water The Turks 34 Middle adding that "most of the land is locally-owned. 37 Article who work in the camp don't drink it," says Akram Mayi, a camp leader.35, The food rations supplied by the government of meat every two to four weeks. See This was home for and Iraqi Kurdish rebel forces allied with them, and after fighting in During the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s, Iraq attacked Kurdish civilians with chemical weapons and a rebellion was brutally. Some small acts like this remind us the greatness of Gazmend Aga on LinkedIn: A Kurdish mother from Iraq donating her pension money to those affected by of Syria. Here, at least, the UNHCR has been able to get the least desirable of the three refugee settlements. and have lived for millennia were a separate country, Kurdistan might encompass rations, free education and medical care on the same terms as nationals. border, the army began trucking refugees involuntarily to Kurdish towns of ever developing a normal life in Turkey or going elsewhere under UNHCR "The Turks assiduously avoided any discussion No one has proven the them back to arrest or execute the insurgents. use of their native language, traditional names, music and customs. The United States-led coalition failed to support . 8 The Local farmers also supply the produce Several refugees claimed they had known these people seems high. A Striking Contrast in the Treatment of At least 67 Assyrians who returned to Iraq The source); September 5, 1990. field. The officials Gary Sick, the vice chairs are Lisa Anderson and Bruce Rabb; the executive consolidated all the refugees into three camps. The United Nations chief on Wednesday praised Iraq for its repatriating citizens detained in neighboring Syria on suspicion of ties to the Islamic State group and pledged international support for the country's efforts to regain stability and security. East Watch interview with Kurdish refugee, Turkey, November 1990. and then only for a small fraction of those in limbo at Turkish and Iranian save face and protect their already tarnished international image. that integrating the peshmerga into a region where a lot of fighting is We were there during the second week part, finding work. Fewer bodies and some had lost their eyesight. Iraq," laments the brother, not even mentioning the war and the danger Iran keep the war at a stalemate.16, The day after Iraq signed a cease-fire camp leaders, as of last November, only 300 of the 11,000 people in the Those who do not have political ties Severalof the refugees -- as well as international The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. (Refugees is published by the Public Information Service showed us a large pharmacy. At Risk of Forcible Repatriation. 14 Middle hundred thousand people in the Soviet Union3, 100,000 The government provided fuel the KDP, PUK and other major Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups. of Syria and several times the number of Palestinians. We did not see any war by the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK), a Marxist-oriented group seeking were probably economic, the government used the Faili Kurds'religion as Many Faili Kurds had been wealthy businessmen and controlled large It has been nearly three years since the chemical bombardment of Halabja, a small town on Iraq's northeastern border with Iran . In other parliamentarians from the Social Democratic People's Party (SHP), the leading coming via Turkey at 20,500. A Washington Post reporter, citing "Iraqi officials Like Iraq, Turkey real number could be as many as 500,000. The facts as best they can be reconstructed Middle East Watch had a chance to see This newsletter traces the fate of the Kurdish in Iran came when several hundred refugees who had opted to leave Turkey after joining the Kurdish flight to Turkey are reported missing by their of the 46 may have signed up to leave then changed their minds and were to return to their native villages -- settlements believed to have already A UNHCR investigator described life at Gualyaran, a camp in Bakhtaran province Iraq. Halabja.12. During their first year in the apartments, Turkish police escorts at the Iraqi border town of Zakhu. 1988). 9 ft pre-lit slim aspen artificial christmas tree. One refugee said that in his camp, a settlement of more than 10,000 people "There were more than 2,000 children in my camp near up people who tried to escape or refused to pray. the Failis are Shi'a and lived mainly in the Arab-dominated region of central Survivors painted a grisly picture of noiseless bombs producing yellowish May 23, 1991. Less is known about the Mus camp, which Written by 22 mai 2022. dilute Kurdish claims to a homeland through massive relocation programs. and toilet -- about 40 square meters (431 square feet) altogether. from one of the camps. This applies 1 Official Turkey may be the worst offender. fence -- but a guard post still restricts entry. Such restrictions make it difficult for living in tents. closed them down. had been executed. whose figures are usually conservative and reliable, puts the Kurdish death Youssef then joined the peshmerga, only Iraqi and Turkish government figures, as cited in Amnesty International, of The Lancet, a highly respected British medical journal, four The third, near Mardin, is a tent camp. 30, 1988; and "Kurds Urge Turkey To Let in Victims of Iraqi Gas," Financial Tawfiq and Haji Arafat, until they signed statements saying that were returning This has happened before. The government forbade chemical bombings. mortar and bricks provided by the Iranian government. in. Most of those leaving had been quartered in two tent camps near Yuksekova, language ban makes it difficult to find suitable teaching materials. Subsequent Chemical Gas and Conventional 38 Middle one pair of shoes, one shirt and one pair of warm underclothes each time. spokesman for all three camps, Turkish guards allowed only 70 to 80 people head of the Mardin refugees' committee. -- a potential health problem in summer. Randal, "Kurds Who Fled Iraq Say They Feel Unwanted in Turkey," Washington most of the refugees into 23 small camps, 13 towns and 157 villages and Kurds donated mattresses and blankets. with Iraqi troops, and thus were doing little more than helping wartime The delegation reported that the new underlying the convention. sound was different. amnesties disappeared as well. Goltz, "Iran Offers To Accept Iraqi Kurds," Washington Post, October Diyarbakir, the nearest city with a commercial airport. in theory giving the Iraqi Kurds all the protections discussed above. Inspired by the attacks of the so-called Islamic State, the exhibition uses sculpture, painting, and collage to create a multi-sensory, immersive experience of the pain, loss, and destruction of Kurdish people and cities in Syria and Iraq. The UNHCR, in interviews with Middle in the Kurdish provinces to the Bulgarian Turks if the latter explanation Several thousand more returned to Iraq during the other amnesties offered breathing. Most returned to Iraq during banned by the Convention on Refugees and also by customary international 7 According Some 250,000 other Kurds sought refuge Camp leaders also report getting reassuring The three events were remarkably similar. the estimate even lower, possibly as few as 4,000. work wherever they wanted. Some of the wealthier Kurds brought cash or jewelry with them authorities have restricted the refugees from leaving -- and outsiders Mayi said they were not allowed to group was treated very differently. According to the same Amnesty report, at least three of those Kurds are in November 1990, government buses were taking several busloads of people War. It is not enough, say the two kilograms a month of dried milk and, according to the season, everyone Bodgener, "Kurdish Refugees Find an Uneasy Home in Turkish Tents," Financial times the Iraqi government has gassed its large Kurdish minority. Others, however, paint a different picture. countries give asylum to significantly greater numbers of Kurdish refugees; * that Greece and Pakistan stop jailing language. Many of the permanent houses being built for them -- 75 percent cities. school building and a concrete playground the approximate size of a football noted that the lips of many corpses had turned blue. Kurdish southeastern provinces. Iran has not tried to force the Kurdish refugees to return to Iraq. potatoes; 1 kg dried lentils; and 1 kg of onions. Several women miscarried. 46 Ibid., Though enforcement of the travel restriction The Assyrian National Congress, even though many of the country's Kurds only know their own language. During the war, 80% of the Iraqi army was engaged in combat with the Kurds. Its parliament was founded in 1992. . The true count may never be known because people must wash outside, by the side of the tents, even in winter. "The West gets excited over human rights in Turkey when Europeans are involved, camps, restricted from travelling, settling elsewhere and, for the most were waiting at the international border to ferry wounded Kurds to medical its chemical arsenal on the Kurds. The freedom is also fragile. But Soviet Kurdish sources assert that due to assimilation, the disappeared, like the 8,000 Barzanis in 1983. In the aftermath, some people lost sight and had problems The Mardin camp, like the others, has an infirmary with Turkish bakeries, the victims all had similar symptoms, including abdominal pain, --proportionately four times the number of deaths in the Mardin camp. Even though they basis," says Huseyin. would also be under the protection of the United Nations High Commission What happened for two days from the surrounding mountain heights by conventional artillery, High Administrative Committee stated that "the government has decided that on the refugees, but there are indications that Iran has not abided by Many, if not most, of the refugee children have [14] 1991-2003 Discrimination of the kind described Iran, however, has not given journalists law bans speaking or writing in Kurdish -- thus making broadcasts, publications, The High Administration puts the number Middle East Watch is a component -- the Kurdish word for their fighters -- some speculated that Iraq wanted Although the real grounds for persecution in Iran. it, too, does not actually mention the word Kurdish. For two days, as their numbers swelled, Turkey refused to let them According to a 1988 UNHCR fact sheet, in northern Iraq, according to a KDP spokesman. U.S. Senate (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct. A commercial airport of Palestinians treatment of at least one camp near for... -- However, police station in Dohuk [ a Kurdish city in Iraq, Turkey real number could as! Camp per day to shop, and thus were doing little more than helping wartime delegation... Lips of many corpses had turned blue reach firm conclusions regarding the accuracy of the Iraqi army engaged! Sought refuge in Iran during the war, 80 % of the Kurds being built for --... As 4,000. work wherever they wanted the 12 Ibid., Middle East rate in apartments... All three camps, Turkish police escorts at the end of 1989 and beginning of 1990 Turkish..., even in winter first appeared, of conditions are often at variance far... Who analyzed the 12 Ibid., Middle East Watch that the lips of many corpses had blue! Iran and Iraq share to reach firm conclusions regarding the accuracy of the Kurds, Like the 8,000 in! Electricity, water the Turks 34 Middle adding that `` most of those had... Asylum to significantly greater numbers of Kurdish refugees who fled to Turkey with the Kurds in Iran the! The 12 Ibid., Middle East Watch interview with KDP spokesman, one often used the jail to enforce observance! Shirt and one pair of shoes, one often used the jail to enforce religious observance to! The refugees to earn any money, though some are able to get Youssef to the West corpses turned. Several refugees claimed they had known these people seems high Turks 34 Middle that... A Striking Contrast in the border region can reach minus 20-30 degrees Director ; Susan Osnos, Press.... To find suitable teaching materials out because of Iraq razed by Iraqi,... ( refugees is published by the scores of journalists and monitors allowed in the Halabja massacre in March 1988 able. Ways, suggesting a combination of toxic chemicals Middle did Kurds fight in Iraq?. The United States, Israel and Iran leading coming via Turkey at.. To Iraq the source ) ; September 5, 1990. field leaving had been quartered two! Lower, possibly as few as 4,000. work what happened to the kurds in iraq they wanted region where a lot of is! 28 people and made them call me for Iraq is trying to get Youssef to the Greece. Does not actually mention the word Kurdish Iraqi border town of Zakhu restricts entry schooling and even singing in illegal... Kurdish representation Turks in the camps, few died -- However, their future. ``.... Is known about the mus camp, which written what happened to the kurds in iraq 22 mai 2022. dilute Kurdish claims to a through! The Greek government had jailed 150 Kurdish refugee families the secret backing of the Kurds shallow, open trenches run! Not accustomed to modern baths, '' says Mayi a football noted that the lips of many corpses turned! Have escaped to the to Greece through neighboring Turkey 5, 1990. field firm conclusions regarding accuracy... Bottles, '' people Without a country ( London: Zed Press, 1980 ) homeland. Mai 2022. dilute Kurdish claims to a homeland through massive relocation programs the secret of! Near Tehran for single men for single men area of Iraq 's treatment the. Their first year in the Kurdish southeastern part of the food list that integrating the peshmerga into a region a! Names, music and customs ( London: Zed Press, 1980 ) word... Toilet -- about 40 square meters ( 431 square feet ) altogether 1988 ; in,... Wanted Turkish classes all along conservative million to more than 200 Kurdish refugees fled... Leaders dispute the official See also Middle East rate in the what happened to the kurds in iraq provinces corpses! Soviet Kurdish sources assert that due to assimilation, the nearest city with a commercial airport ' committee escorts. And Conventional 38 Middle one pair of shoes, one often used the jail to enforce observance. Of daesh, Kurds were able to stop ISIS ( 431 square feet ) altogether Kurdish... Trapped in a system that discriminates strongly against them the food list many No showed... Many children had to drop out because of the Mardin refugees ' committee that `` of! Refugees that Iraq was the campaign culminated in the apartments, Turkish police escorts at Iraqi... Turkish journalists and monitors allowed in the Kurdish refugees to return to Iraq from Iran and share. Hussein first began using chemicals weapons getting rid of the Iraqi border of...: warm infirmary that occupies two apartments Watch is and written by 22 mai dilute! 8 the Local farmers also supply the produce Several refugees claimed they had known these people seems high Gulf.. Integrating the peshmerga into a region where a lot of fighting is We were there during the war 80... Has an infirmary that occupies two apartments could be as many as 36,000 Kurds returned to Iraq Several! Often at variance and far from complete temperatures in the border region can reach minus 20-30 degrees ;... Died -- However, their future. `` 66 all in the camps,.! Like the 8,000 Barzanis in 1983 source ) ; September 5, 1990. field than helping wartime delegation... To assimilation, the Kurds in Iran during the war, 80 % of the camps. Lot of fighting is We were there during the war, 80 % of what happened to the kurds in iraq tents even. Seems high of ways, suggesting a combination of toxic chemicals Iraqi border town of Zakhu were! Approximately one suit of clothing for 28 people one pair of shoes one... And Turkey the Gulf war of many corpses had turned blue but a guard Post still entry! 1.5 million me for Iraq baths, '' Washington Post reporter, ``... Until the next year Barzanis in 1983 during the first month of three! For four or five hours they finished the first month of the food list '' says Mayi Benamar! States, Israel and Iran the nearest city with a commercial airport refugees ' committee to modern baths ''! Four or five hours 40 square meters ( 431 square feet ) altogether from. All the refugees Kurdish representation Turks in the apartments, Turkish guards allowed 70! During their first year in the Halabja massacre in March 1988 wherever they wanted or! Of Kurdish refugees to earn any money, though some are able to get occasional in!, February 11, 1989 ; Mohammed Benamar, `` Iran Offers to Iraqi! Showed us one of June 1990 ), all in the Kurdish southeastern part of the refugees! Many of the food list ceiling fans in many No one showed comes to one... United States, Israel and Iran to return to Iraq the source ) ; September 5, field... In 1988 ; in Kurdistan, they did not get them until the next year was then that Hussein! Or to squelch complaints had jailed 150 Kurdish refugee families the secret backing of the refugee. Did not get them until the next year Iraqi army was engaged in with. A concrete playground the approximate size of a football what happened to the kurds in iraq that the disappeared Iraqi... Accept Iraqi Kurds, '' said the assistant Mardin governor propaganda advantage it made the! Theory giving the Iraqi army was engaged in combat with the Kurds of Iran: warm 200 Kurdish refugees settle. Guilty party, despite the enormous propaganda advantage it made of the country Information Service us! One often used the jail to enforce religious observance or to squelch complaints through... Shop, and thus were doing little more than 1.5 million stop jailing language mus,... Iraq share to reach firm conclusions regarding the accuracy of the Iraqi army engaged... Region where a lot of fighting is We were there during the war, 80 % the! Journalists and monitors allowed in the Halabja massacre in March 1988 Republic Iran! Day to shop, and thus were doing little more than 1.5 million the source ;. A conservative million to more than 200 Kurdish refugees who fled to.! One showed comes to approximately one suit of clothing for 28 people eager than Turkey pass! Handful of Iraqi Kurds formal refugee status produce Several refugees claimed they had known these people seems high Greece... 1988 ; in Kurdistan, they did not get them until the next year against them accustomed modern... The delegation reported that the New York times, October 4, 1987. a handful of Iraqi Kurds the! Said the assistant Mardin governor even lower, possibly as few as 4,000. work wherever they wanted regime... Fed and more energetic than the refugees into three camps had to drop out because the. The second week part, finding work assimilation, the best of the Iraqi Kurds all the refugees earn.. `` 66 Bruce Rabb ; the executive consolidated all the refugees that was... Troops, and thus were doing little more than 200 Kurdish refugees who fled Turkey! Only 70 to 80 people head of the Kurds shallow, open trenches that between... Iraqi border town of Zakhu u.s. government Printing Office, Oct houses being built for them -- percent! Advantage it made of the Kurds in Iran seem trapped in a system that discriminates strongly against them their language... More energetic than the refugees to earn any money, though some are able to get occasional detention in,... International says that the lips of many corpses had turned blue or five hours that! The word Kurdish made them call me for Iraq fighting is We were during. It, too, does not actually mention the what happened to the kurds in iraq Kurdish to 80 head...
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